answer:We can reduce the damage caused by overfishing by implementing and enforcing sustainable fishing practices, setting and adhering to catch limits, reducing bycatch and discards, protecting critical habitats, and promoting long-term ecosystem health.

answer:Acids have a pH lower than 7 and donate hydrogen ions in a solution, while bases have a pH higher than 7 and accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

answer:Ocean acidification can have negative impacts on marine organisms and ecosystems such as reduced growth and survival of shell-forming organisms, altered food web dynamics, and reduced coral growth and diversity. This is due to the chemical process of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolving into the ocean, which leads to a decrease in pH and an increase in acidity. This increased acidity can disturb the balance of calcium carbonate minerals in the water, making it more difficult for organisms like corals, mollusks, and plankton to form and maintain their shells and skeletons.

answer:Being a landlocked country can pose challenges for trade and economic development as it means the country does not have access to a coastline for easy transportation of goods through ports. This can result in higher transportation costs and longer transit times, potentially making exports more expensive and imports more difficult to acquire. Additionally, landlocked countries may be more dependent on neighboring countries for trade and may face additional trade barriers such as tariffs and border restrictions. However, landlocked countries can also focus on developing alternative transportation methods such as railways or multiple transportation routes through neighboring countries to mitigate some of these challenges.